https://www.foodscigroup.us/journals/open-journal-of-hepatology A Peertechz Open Access Journal en-us 26 Apr, 2025 https://www.foodscigroup.us/articles/OJH-7-111.php Liver or Hepatic Hydatid Cyst (LHC/HHC) is a benign parasitic disease common in endemic regions such as the Mediterranean basin and North Africa, caused by Echinococcus granulosus. While hepatic hydatid cysts are prevalent, complications such as Portal Hypertension (PH) associated with this pathology are rare. We present the case of a 39-year-old male from a rural area and a chronic smoker, admitted for upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Clinical examination revealed cholestatic jaundice, massive splenomegaly and abdominal collateral venous circulation. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy showed grade III esophageal varices, and abdominal ultrasound and CT scans confirmed the presence of a large hydatid cyst near the porto-biliary bifurcation, compressing intrahepatic vascular structures and causing portal vein dilation. Surgical management, including resection of the cyst’s protruding dome, was successfully performed, followed by Albendazole therapy to prevent parasitic dissemination. This multidisciplinary approach stabilized the patient’s condition, and complete resolution of esophageal varices after two endoscopic sessions of endoscopic ligation. A one-year follow-up demonstrated sustained clinical remission without recurrence. This case underscores the importance of early diagnosis and multidisciplinary management to prevent severe complications associated with portal hypertension secondary to a hepatic hydatid cyst. 27 Feb, 2024 https://www.foodscigroup.us/articles/OJH-6-110.php Non-Alcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) is a real health problem that is commonly associated with obesity and diabetes. Cardiovascular diseases, liver carcinoma, and liver failure might develop from NASH if not well managed. The present article deals with the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and its complications in addition to exploring the importance of using nutraceuticals in its prevention and treatment. 30 Dec, 2023 https://www.foodscigroup.us/articles/OJH-5-109.php Background and aims: To study the effect of serum thyrotropin (Sr.TSH) and serum cholesterol on gallbladder contraction by cholescintigraphy. Methods: This is a prospective cross-sectional study comprising 77 patients for evaluation of gallbladder function in patients with biliary pain. All of them underwent 99mTc- Mebrofenin fatty meal cholescintigraphy following a standard institutional protocol apart from regular investigations. Dynamic images were acquired for 90 minutes with a standardised fatty meal given at the 60th minute. Gallbladder emptying kinetics was determined with Gallbladder Ejection Fraction (GBEF) calculated at 30 minutes post-meal. Relevant statistical methods were applied for interpretation. Results: The mean of GBEF was 60.82% ± 16.65% and the mean of Sr.TSH was 3.72 ± 3.88 mIU/ml, there was a negative correlation between GBEF and Sr.TSH (Pearson correlation coefficient r = -0.535, p &lt; 0.05). The mean serum cholesterol was 180.61 ± 46.34 mg/dl, there was a negative correlation between GBEF and serum cholesterol (Pearson’s correlation coefficient r = -0.685, p &lt; 0.05). The mean GBEF in euthyroid and hypothyroid patients were 65.04% ± 15.04% and 47.27% ± 15.93% respectively (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: Hypothyroidism is one of the key factors affecting gallbladder contractility and should not be overlooked in the management of functional gallbladder disorders. Cholescintigraphy can accurately assess gallbladder function qualitatively and quantitatively, and it can help (aid) physicians in diagnosing and decision-making on the management of biliary pain in hypothyroidism. 18 Oct, 2022 https://www.foodscigroup.us/articles/OJH-4-108.php Currently, the structure of mortality and morbidity in developed countries has fundamentally changed. Infectious pathology, with the exception of several viral diseases, has faded into the background, and somatic diseases have taken the main place: coronary heart disease, hypertension, gastric ulcer, 13 Oct, 2022 https://www.foodscigroup.us/articles/OJH-4-107.php The current study aimed to highlight histopathological findings in paraffin block sections of the liver, gill kidney, and pyloric cecum of rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) by different imagining devices such as Scanning Electron (SEM) and Light Microscope (LM). To determine the performance of different imagining methods two different thickness paraffin sections such as 5 and 15 µm about various rainbow trout tissue were prepared for imagining different devices. That sections were imagined by SEM and LM, both sections including 5 and 15 µm were imagined by SEM while just 5 µm was an image by LM. In LM imagining, it was detected that hydropic degeneration and vacuole formations in the liver hepatocytes of fish, as well as hyperplasia in bile ducts. Lamellar epithelial cell hyperplasia/hypertrophy was mild and histopathological findings such as secondary lamellar elevation and edema were more severe in rainbow trout gills. Glomerular atrophy/hypertrophy was moderately detected in the kidneys and hydropic degeneration of tubular epithelium was more severe. No degeneration or necrosis was observed in the lamina epithelium of the pyloric cecum. In SEM imagining of different thickness paraffin sections, cartilage and secondary lamellar structure in the gills, glomerulus, and Bowman’s capsule structure in the kidneys, and the structure of the pyloric cecum was observed. In the SEM imaging of the paraffin block sections of hepatocytes of the liver, the cell nuclei were determined, and also the grooves in the cytoplasm were thought to be vacuoles. As a consequence, the structural elements of the organ had higher clarity in SEM imaging from paraffin block sections, but the histopathological alterations remained unclear. As a result, SEM imaging of fish tissue is more suited for seeing tissue architecture, although LM imaging is better suited for determining and scoring histopathological variations. 10 Mar, 2021 https://www.foodscigroup.us/articles/OJH-3-106.php Liver is the largest and one of the most metabolically active organ in the body. With a crucial role in the clearance of toxins such as aflatoxins, microbes and metabolic by-products. This constant exposure to inner and environmental harmful substances may be potentially overwhelmed and be affected by a degree of liver damage ranging from hepatitis and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD), Non-Alcohol Steatohepatitis (NASH), These latter two with worrying worldwide expansion (Figure 1) up to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma while representing a risk factor for other illnesss such as cardiovascular disease, stroke and diabetes. 27 Nov, 2020 https://www.foodscigroup.us/articles/OJH-2-105.php The best news of the year 2020 about Hepatitis is the announcement of the winners of the prize for Medicine or Physiology for the discovery of the Hepatitis C virus to Americans Harvey J. Alter and Charles M. Rice, and British scientist Michael Houghton on Monday the 5th October 2020. Second good news is Global hepatitis strategy- 2020 endorsed by all WHO Member States, aiming to reduce new hepatitis infections by 90% and deaths by 65% by 2030. World Hepatitis Day (WHD) 2020 on 28 July intended to bring the world together under a single theme of ‘Hepatitis free future’ by finding the ‘Missing Millions’ and raising awareness to influence real change. Hepatitis is an inflammation of the liver that can cause a range of health problems and can be fatal. There are five main strains of the hepatitis virus, referred to as types A, B, C, D and E. While they all cause liver disease, they differ in modes of transmission, severity of the illness, geographical distribution, and prevention methods. Recent estimates indicate that worldwide there are over 345 million infections of hepatitis all varieties put together and 1.5 million deaths each year. Majority of these cases belong to HBV, followed by HCV and HDV. WHO estimates that, there are 320 million people worldwide to be living with viral hepatitis B & C and most of them are unaware, as testing and treatment remains beyond their reach? Introduction and Scaling up of infant vaccination have demonstrated a reduction of HBV prevalence. Hepatitis A Virus (HAV) and Hepatitis E Virus (HEV) are predominantly enterically transmitted pathogens and are responsible to cause both sporadic infections and epidemics of acute viral hepatitis. Public health measures to improve sanitation and provide safe drinking water for preventing HAV and HEV are in progress. HBV, HCV and HDV are predominantly spread via parenteral route and are notorious to cause chronic hepatitis which can lead to grave complications including cirrhosis of liver and hepatocellular carcinoma. The Government of India has conveyed a political intent by setting up a comprehensive action plan- ‘National Viral Hepatitis Control Program (NVHCP)’. This is an integrated approach for prevention and control of viral hepatitis, aiming to end viral hepatitis by 2030 as envisaged in National Health Policy 2017. However, the good intentions of reaching target are not matched by resources and execution of plan. To add to this perineal systemic problem, the Jugaad approach for Covid- 19 Pandemic management, since March 2020, the entire Government machinery is being mobilized for firefighting the pandemic, that has resulted in all other public health programs having a setback for want of resources, monitoring and requisite push. There are many unfinished tasks left in prevention and elimination of viral hepatitis in developing countries, especially India. The prevailing water and sanitation issues continue haunt the country with HAV and HEV outbreaks. HAV vaccination strategies need redefining because of changing epidemiology. HEV vaccine should be made available in India. Encouraging voluntary blood donation and safe renal dialysis are in infancy and Individual blood and organ donors’ nucleic acid testing (NAT) detects infection for HIV, HBV, and HCV is yet to be used as a screening tool. For the management of chronic HBV infection, treatment should be targeted at those with highest risk of disease progression, based on the detection of persistently raised alanine transaminase (ALT) levels and HBV DNA more than 20,000 IU/ml in those older than 30 years. In this article I have captured hepatitis infection status, major challenges in achieving hepatitis free India by 2030 competing with Covid-19 pandemic 23 Nov, 2020 https://www.foodscigroup.us/articles/OJH-2-104.php Cholangiocarcinoma is amongst the most common primary tumors of the liver, second only to hepatocellular carcinoma, and it accounts for approximately 15% of primary hepatic malignancies [1]. Cholangiocarcinoma is sub-classified as intrahepatic (ICCA), perihilar (PCCA) or distal (DCCA), according to its anatomical location [2]. Regardless of location, cholangiocarcinoma carries a poor prognosis, mainly due to paucity of effective therapy options and advanced disease at presentation. The American Cancer Society determined a 5-year relative survival rate of 8% for all patients with intrahepatic bile duct cancer and 10% for its extrahepatic counterpart. Even localized disease carries poor survival of 24% and 15% for ICCA and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, respectively [3]. 10 Sep, 2020 https://www.foodscigroup.us/articles/OJH-2-103.php Background: Now-a-days chronic liver disease is one of the major health problems in the world. In developing countries, chronic liver disease due to hepatitis virus (like hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus) is increasing day by day. It is rapidly emerging as a major health problem. So the present study was conducted to document the hepatitis B and hepatitis C virus in patient with chronic liver disease by an easy and simple marker like HBsAg, Anti HBc (total) and Anti HCV in a tertiary hospital. Methods: Serum samples were collected from 100 selected cases who were diagnosed as a case of chronic liver disease in medicine and gastroenterology department of DMCH. Study period was from April 01, 2016 to September 30, 2018. For detection of HBsAg, Anti HBc (total) and Anti HCV, Immunochromatographic Test (ICT) was done in every case. Results: Out of 100 cases, HBsAg seropositive with negative Anti HCV was found in 64% cases, Anti HCV positive with negative HBsAg was found in 16% cases, both HBsAg and anti HCV positive was found in 4% cases, both HBsAg and anti HCV negative was found in 16% cases. Among these cases, 74% were male and 26% were female. Here male: female was 3:1 and among them, 75% male was seropositive for either HBsAg or Anti HCV. Conclusion: The high frequency of seropositivity in patients with chronic liver disease with male predominance is found in tertiary care settings. The number of Anti HCV seropositive patient indicates that it is an emerging health problem in our country. 22 May, 2019 https://www.foodscigroup.us/articles/OJH-1-102.php Background: In drug users, viral hepatitis C, alcohol abuse, and drug use are three interconnected public health challenges. Methods: This study assessed the impact of alcohol on hepatitis C screening and hepatic fibrosis in this patient population. In total, 934 substance users were included and divided into three groups: Group A, alcohol use disorder only (n = 511); Group ISDU, intravenous and snorting drug users (n = 142); Group ISDAU, intravenous and snorting drug users with alcohol use disorder (n = 281). A FibroScan was performed first, after which participants were proposed to undergo screening for HCV. 21 Jan, 2019 Cirrhosis is a serious pathology that leads to complications whose management remains difficult in our country. Objective: to evaluate the evolutionary aspects of cirrhosis at the Brazzaville University Hospital. Patients and methods: this was a retrospective study over a period of 18 months (from January 2015 to July 2016), performed in the gastroenterology department of the Brazzaville University Hospital. All patients regularly followed for decompensated cirrhosis were included. The studied variables were the epidemiological, clinical and paraclinical characteristics, the occurrence of complications, the survival, the causes of death. Univariate analysis was used to determine prognostic factors based on the Child Pugh score.